This study examines whether different supply chain finance (SCF) instruments have heterogeneous effects on corporate supply chain resilience. Most previous research has treated SCF as a single indicator of practice and used financial proxies, binary indicators or keyword frequency; therefore, the instruments employed by firms have not been systematically identified. We build a text-based measurement system that combines semantic similarity screening, negative-statement identification, supply-chain context constraints and an ERNIE-based classifier. The four categories of SCF instruments are identified from the annual reports of Chinese A-share listed companies between 2010 and 2024: receivables-based, prepayment-based, inventory-based, and comprehensive instruments. SCF as a whole has improved the resilience of the supply chain in the experiment. At the level of the instrument, receivables-based, inventory-based and comprehensive instruments are positively correlated; however, prepayment-based instruments do not show a statistically significant effect. Mechanism experiments have shown that accounts receivable-based financing reduces financing costs, inventory-based financing increases operating cash flow, and all-around financing strengthens supply chain transparency, etc. Different concentrations of the supply chain, digitalisation and regions will also have different effects. Based on the above analysis, the resilience level of SCF varies according to the design of instruments and other factors at the firm level.